Which term describes a place's exact location on the planet?

The term that describes a place's exact location on the planet is absolute location. This concept is grounded in specific geographic coordinates, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. For example, the absolute location of Toronto is approximately 43.7° N latitude and 79.4° W longitude. This precise measurement allows for a unique identification of a location on the Earth's surface, distinguishing it from other places.

Relative location, on the other hand, refers to a location's position in relation to other places, which does not provide a specific geographic coordinate. Geographical location is a broader term that could refer to either relative or absolute location but isn't specifically about exact coordinates. Cardinal location is not a standard term used in geography; it generally pertains to cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) but does not define a specific location in terms of coordinates. Thus, absolute location is clearly the term that conveys the exactness required in identifying where something is situated on the Earth.