What is the equator?

The equator is defined as an imaginary horizontal line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This important geographical marker is located at 0 degrees latitude and serves as a reference point for the measurement of latitude. The equator is significant because it is the location where the sun is positioned directly overhead at noon during the equinoxes, resulting in consistently warm temperatures and equal daylight and darkness throughout the year.

By effectively separating the two hemispheres, the equator also influences climate patterns, ecosystems, and weather systems, as areas near the equator typically experience a tropical climate, which supports diverse plant and animal life. Understanding the role of the equator is essential in geography as it helps in comprehending how latitude affects climate and biodiversity around the globe.