What is magma?

Magma refers to molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface. It is a critical component of volcanic activity and contributes to the formation of igneous rocks once it cools and solidifies either underground or after eruptions when it becomes lava. The distinction between magma and other related terms is important; for example, when magma erupts and reaches the surface, it is known as lava. Understanding this distinction helps clarify geological processes, such as how the Earth's interior and surface interact during volcanic events. Magma contains not only molten rock but also gases and minerals, which can influence volcanic eruptions and the types of rocks that eventually form.