What factor does NOT typically affect soil fertility?

The usage of plastic in agriculture does not typically affect the inherent fertility of soil. Soil fertility is primarily determined by natural factors that influence the ability of soil to provide essential nutrients to plants.

In this context, climate plays a significant role as it influences precipitation, temperature, and weathering processes that affect nutrient cycling. Geographic location can determine the type of soil present in an area, which in turn affects the nutrient composition and overall fertility. The type of soil itself is crucial since different soils have varying capabilities to retain moisture and nutrients, influenced by their composition and texture.

In contrast, while the usage of plastics, such as plastic mulch or plastic containers in agriculture, can have implications on agricultural practices, pest control, or even water conservation, it does not inherently change the fertility characteristics of the soil itself. Therefore, it stands apart from the other factors listed that directly influence the biological and chemical composition of soil fertility.