What does relief refer to in geography?

Relief in geography specifically refers to the shape and configuration of the Earth's surface, including features such as hills, valleys, mountains, and plains. It is fundamental to understanding how these physical features influence various aspects of the environment, such as climate patterns, human settlement, and land use. The concept of relief also emphasizes the variations in elevation and terrain, which can significantly affect the way ecosystems function and how people interact with the landscape.

Understanding relief is crucial for recognizing how geographical features impact everything from agriculture to urban planning. It drives essential functions such as water drainage and affects human activities like construction and transportation planning.