How does latitude influence climate?

Latitude plays a significant role in determining climate due to the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth. As latitude increases, meaning a location moves closer to the poles, the sun's rays hit the surface at a more oblique angle. This results in a lower intensity of solar energy, leading to cooler temperatures.

In contrast, regions near the equator receive sunlight at a more direct angle throughout the year, resulting in warmer temperatures. The consistent exposure to solar energy near the equator contributes to more tropical and stable climates. Therefore, higher latitudes, which are farther from the equator, generally experience colder climates due to receiving less solar energy.

This understanding of latitude's impact on climate is foundational for studying geographic patterns and climate zones worldwide.